Resumen de Modernisation et emploi du temps dans les écoles primaires de la Ville du Mexique, 1885-1911
The purpose of this article is to examine the way in which the academic schedule was organized in the primary schools of Mexico City, and how the life of the children was regulated by time schedules, disciplines, punishments and school calendars. Within this sense, the academic temporality expressed in schedules and calendars signified a cultural and educational discussion, which in turn reflected the aspirations and valuations of an era. The importance acquired by elementary education at the end of the nineteenth century was the result of economic and cultural changes that affected Mexico and that intended to modernize both the state and institutions instrumental in the country's progress, such as the educational institutions. The educated elite of the Porfirio Diaz regime, influenced by European ideas and societal changes, provided impetus to the transformation of the spaces and activities of children within schools. The school schedule was widely assessed by both the politicians and the educators of the Porfiriato era. They judged it to be the appropriate means by which to prepare the children under new schemes of thought and behavior, for which they needed to provide inputs to modern school schedules, that is to say: uniforms, secularization and hygiene, which catches up with the old temporality marked by the ecclesiastical influence and which emphasized mechanical, repetitive and linear schemes. Thenceforth, the educational authorities concentrated their efforts on the creation of a type of school discipline and order. A population of children who assume ethics of work, punctuality, respect and efficiency was exactly the changing society based on industrialization and modernization that was needed.
