Resumen de Shiraz berry size in relation to seed number and implications for juice and wine composition
George H. Kerridge, Philip R. Nicholas, Peter R. Clingeleffer, Rob R. Walker, Deidre H. Blackmore
This study was conducted over three seasons on irrigated Shiraz grapevines growing in a warm climate. We addressed The question of whether differences in berry size (within a population of berries from minimally pruned, own-rooted or Ramsey-grafted vines), would lead to differences in juice composition, wine composition or wine sensory score. Predictably, berry mass was found to increase with seed number, but berries in the smallest mass categories (0.3-0.7 g) still had similar juice soluble solids and pH; and similar concentrations of K+, tartaric acid and malic acid, compared with larger berries (1.4-2.0 g). Only by the very smallest mass category (0.3-0.55 g) was there any indication of better colour density (both by own-rooted and Ramsey-grafted vines) or higher anthocyanin concentration (for own-rooted vines) compared with larger berries (1.4-2.0 g). Concentrations of tartaric acid and K~ in berry skins were highest in the smallest berry mass categories (0.3-0.7 g( and decreased with increasing berry mass (up to 1.4-2.0 g). A strong correlation (R2 = 0.85 )between skin tartaric acid and K+ concentrations was observed across that range. Small-scale wine lost based on small berries (0.8-0.9 g) versus large berries (1.2-1.3 g) showed no differences in measures such as soluble solids, total acids or pH ob juice; nor any differences in pH, total acids, K+, tartrate, malate, spectral characteristics or sensory score of corresponding wines. Moreover, small berries had a similar skin to fruit ratio, and a similar juice yield, compared lo large berries. However, when measured post-fermentation, the ratio of seed weight to skin weight was higher for small berries. The mass range ob berries used here for small-scale winemaking (i.e. from 0.8-0.9 g up to 1.2-1.3 g), covered the range of Shiraz berry mass typically bound in irrigated vineyards (from 0.8 lo 1.5 g(, and thus confirms The relevance of present outcomes to practical winemaking. Finally, our data lot variation in juice and wine composition as a function of berry size, showed consistent trends for all seasons, and thus implies that reported instances of improved wine quality from small berries (often associated with certain pruning treatments nr deficit irrigation strategies), are more likely due to treatment effects that lead to small Fruit, rather than to intrinsic developmental differences between large and small berries
