Consideraciones sobre la Seguridad en los Edificios

• Autores: Ignacio García Casas
• Localización: Revista electrónica ReCoPaR, ISSN-e 1886-2497, Nº. 1, 2006
• Idioma: español
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• Resumen

  • Safety of a building is achieved when the building is able to withstand, in a stable way, the collection of actions and stresses under the conditions of use for which it was built; in addition, it has to be capable of supporting the effects of the physical environment on which the building stands throughout a time period. This time period depends on the prevailing criteria of every society and the specific historical moment. The present technical knowledge permits theoretic assessments to be carried out on the safety degree of a building, by using strength capacity tests of the building materials, and the establishment of its geometry and dimensions. With these data, the expert report can be done using the present calculation methods, considered approximate to the real behaviour of the physical structures. In this way, the admissible actions of the structure can be known and therefore, the capabilities or inabilities to withstand the actions can be established. The project, calculations and execution of a building according to the en force regulations allow the establishment of the building safety safely enough, despite the fact that most of the correct estimated values --for foreseeable actions, for material fracture strength, etc,-- are assessed according to probabilistic percentages, and therefore lacking absolute certainty. The actions enhancement, strength diminishing and other resources allow degrees of safety to be established, which have been proved to be valid and efficient in normal practice. The buildings carried out under calculated norms or without those norms do not necessarily imply lack of safety. For their assessment, tests and techniques previously mentioned shall be applied. The most useful method for the evaluation of partial elements is subjecting them to the load bearing test; something which cannot be used for the entire building given its size, diversity and different degree of simultaneity in the group of compelling actions