In the MED-CHECKLBT area, Papaver is represented by 32 species with 51 subspecies. After a brief discussion of the phylogeny of this polyphyletic genus, its morphological, karyological, phytochemical and ecological differentiation is described, and patterns of geographical distribution are analyzed. Papaver is distributed very unevenly in the Mediterranean area, and only a minority of taxa are W Mediterranean, The consideration of the phylogeny and general distribution of the genus leads to the conclusion that Papaver is best regarded as part of the Turano-Anatolian genetic element of the Mediterranean flora, and up to now has failed to significantly expand to the West.
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