Endurance exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle possibly by inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma] coactivator 1[alpha] gene transcription through activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. A novel imaging analysis revealed the importance of activating transcription factor 2 and histone deacetylase 5/myocyte enhancer factor 2 in the regulation of the Pgc-1[alpha] gene in skeletal muscle in vivo.
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