The Argentine pampa was the stage of several civilizing efforts directed against "rural barbarism" at different moments of the 19th century. Yet, these campaigns were not the first projects to civilize the pampa: they had a prominent precursor in the reformist impulse of the Bourbons during the 18th century. This paper takes a closer look on one of the first campaigns to civilize the rural "backyard" of Buenos Aires, the so-called campaña bonaerense. We investigate the role of Christian discipline and rhetoric in the discourse, as well as the importance of ecclesiastical infrastructure and the active participation of clergy in an effort which was also demanded and promoted by the civil authorities. Christian ideals as a role model for civilized behavior were so dominant that, effectively, to civilize and to christianize continued to be one even long after the end of the colonial regime.
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