The opportunities for biomass exploitation in Europe as an energy crop to replace food production are described. Annual energy crops could offer farmers a financial return similar to that from food production, where benefits from the higher productivity of the C4 crops are available. These crops can be converted to a variety of fuel products of which bio-oil, generated by flash pyrolysis of biomass, is particularly attractive due to its high energy density. The bio-oil can be used as a fossil fuel substitute for combustion and electricity generation. The range of possibilities for electricity production in centralised and decentralised facilities are summarised and cost estimates provided for a number of the main products.
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