This article examines indigenous autonomy movements that emerged in the wake of the Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas, Mexico. A historical analysis explores how these movements emerged and have interacted with government attempts to formulate national indigenous policy, counter-agrarian reform policy and to define Mexico as a �multi-cultural� nation. The competing, yet interacting discourses of the government and movements for indigenious autonomy in Chiapas and elsewhere have redefined the meaning of nationalism in Mexico. The process of building an alternative vision of ethnicity and nationalism involves both challenges to and incorporation of historically hegemonic structures and categories
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