Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Cognitive Impairment in the Women's Health Initiative

• Autores: Rebecca C. Rossom, Mark A. Espeland, JoAnn E. Manson, Maurice W. Dysken, Karen C. Johnson, Dorothy S. Lane, Erin LeBlanc, Frank A. Lederle, Kamal Masaki, Karen L. Margolis
• Localización: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, Vol. 60, Nº. 12, 2012, págs. 2197-2205
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Objectives: To examine the effects of vitamin D and calcium on cognitive outcomes in elderly women.

    Design: Post hoc analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

    Setting: Forty Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical centers across the United States.

    Participants: Four thousand one hundred forty-three women aged 65 and older without probable dementia at baseline who participated in the WHI Calcium and Vitamin D Trial and the WHI Memory Study.

    Intervention: Two thousand thirty-four women were randomized to receive 1,000 mg of calcium carbonate combined with 400 IU of vitamin D3 (treatment) and 2,109 to placebo.

    Measurements: Primary: classifications of probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on a four-phase protocol that included central adjudication. Secondary: global cognitive function and individual cognitive subtests.

    Results: Mean age of participants was 71. During a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, 39 participants in the treatment group and 37 in the placebo group developed incident dementia (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71�1.74, P = .64). Likewise, 98 treatment participants and 108 placebo participants developed incident MCI (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.72�1.25, P = .72). There were no significant differences in incident dementia or MCI or in global or domain-specific cognitive function between groups.

    Conclusion: There was no association between treatment assignment and incident cognitive impairment. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and calcium separately, on men, in other age and ethnic groups, and with other doses.