Why in Nietzsche's thought priests and slaves are overwhelmed by the emotional dynamics of resentment? What kind of relationship can we seize between Nietzsche's reworking of this notion and their original literary sources? As the keystone of Nietzsche's deconstruction of morality, the mechanism of resentment displays, beyond external appearences, the strikes of a universal moralizing law making "a second nature of the mistrust of instincts". From a double theorical and terminological point of view, we will try to clarify the role of resentment in Nietzsche's psychological approach -referring to his self-definition of "first psychologist" in the history of philosophy- and in his conception of emotions, in relation to Darwin's theory of evolution and to Nietzsche's notions of "physiology" and "aristocracy".
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