In 2001 the Italian Parliament approved Constitutional law n. 3, better known as “Titolo V Reform”, by which the legislative power on energy production, transmission and distribution was delegated to the Regions. The objective of the article is to investigate which are the main challenges that Italy has been facing in adopting a long-term national energy strategy, within a context of open criticality created by the need to conciliate local constraints with international goals. Indeed, during the last decade, the national energy context has been even more radically transformed by the liberalization introduced since 1999 and by the international policies on climate change which have imposed ties on national energy strategies. The article concludes by giving some suggestions in order to overcome the obstacles created by the division of competences between the central State and the Regions, and to develop the necessary energy infrastructures.
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