Objective: To discuss the use of erythropoietin alpha (EPO) in patients with anemia induced by the treatment of the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), and understand its effectiveness. Method: Retrospective observational study that included all patients treated for HCV and with EPO of 4-year duration (2007-2011). We reviewed medical records to collect the following: hemoglobin values, virus genotype, demographic data, weight, ribavirin (RBV) and EPO doses and the anticipated interruption and/or RBV dose reduction by anemia. Results: We included 16 patients. The doses and EPO guidelines were varied (10,000-80,000 IU/week) and were effective in 56.2% of patients. 31.2% of patients ended treatment for HCV with a RBV dose reduction, and in 12.5% it was required an early treatment termination by anemia. Conclusion: The use of EPO could be a valid option since most patients managed to end the treatment, although some of them required a RBV dose reduction or even the treatment suspension
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