New oral antiepileptic drugs: Prospective

• Autores: José Manuel López Tricas
• Localización: European journal of clinical pharmacy: atención farmacéutica, ISSN 2385-409X, Vol. 15, Nº. 3, 2013, págs. 192-197
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Since the discovery of phenobarbital in the early twentieth century, the symptomatic treatment of epilepsy by controlling seizures anticipatory achieves its goal in about seven out ten patients. In 30% of epileptics preventing crisis ranging from a decrease in its rate to absolute refractoriness to pharmacotherapy. The potential new antiepileptic drugs are aimed at reducing the percentage of patients refractory to treatment, reduce the toll of adverse effects, increase the safety index (therapeutic concentrations versus toxic concentration), and obtain favorable pharmacokinetics. The drugs that are review below included brivaracetam (levetiracetam derived), carisbamate (felbamate derived), retigabine and stiripentol. Brivaracetam vs levetiracetam, has higher affinity for the receptor protein integrated into the presynaptic neuron vesicle containing neurotransmitter glutamate. Brivaracetam stabilizes the vesicle, blocking the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Carisbamate is analogue to felbamate, but with the advantage that it is not metabolized to atrophaldehyde, responsible for the hepatic and haematological toxicity that prompted the withdrawal of felbamate in many countries. Retigabine has a unique mechanism of action between the antiepileptic drugs: facilitates the transfer of the ion K+, resulting in hyperpolarization of the membrane, with consequent interruption of depolarization waves. Stiripentol has shown favorable results in childhood epilepsy, particularly in Dravet syndrome, a short of epilepsy in children, with complex treatment