Acute Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Critical Illness

• Autores: Zudin A. Puthucheary, Jaikitry Rawal, Mark McPhail, Bronwen Connolly, Gamunu Ratnayake
• Localización: JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, ISSN 0098-7484, Vol. 310, Nº. 15, 2013, págs. 1591-1600
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Importance Survivors of critical illness demonstrate skeletal muscle wasting with associated functional impairment.

    Objective To perform a comprehensive prospective characterization of skeletal muscle wasting, defining the pathogenic roles of altered protein synthesis and breakdown.

    Design, Setting, and Participants Sixty-three critically ill patients (59% male; mean age: 54.7 years [95% CI, 50.0-59.6 years]) with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 23.5 (95% CI, 21.9-25.2) were prospectively recruited within 24 hours following intensive care unit (ICU) admission from August 2009 to April 2011 at a university teaching and a community hospital in England. Patients were recruited if older than 18 years and were anticipated to be intubated for longer than 48 hours, to spend more than 7 days in critical care, and to survive ICU stay.

    Main Outcomes and Measures Muscle loss was determined through serial ultrasound measurement of the rectus femoris cross-sectional area (CSA) on days 1, 3, 7, and 10. In a subset of patients, the fiber CSA area was quantified along with the ratio of protein to DNA on days 1 and 7. Histopathological analysis was performed. In addition, muscle protein synthesis, breakdown rates, and respective signaling pathways were characterized.

    Results There were significant reductions in the rectus femoris CSA observed at day 10 (-17.7% [95% CI, -25.9% to 8.1%]; P?

    Conclusions and Relevance Among these critically ill patients, muscle wasting occurred early and rapidly during the first week of critical illness and was more severe among those with multiorgan failure compared with single organ failure. These findings may provide insights into skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness.