Escolha e preferência por alimentos com ou sem valor calórico em crianças com deficiência intelectual e sobrepeso

• Autores: Marina Z. Macedo, Giovana Escobal, Celso Goyos
• Localización: Acta comportamentalia: revista latina de análisis del comportamiento, ISSN 0188-8145, Vol. 21, Nº. 1, 2013, págs. 83-98
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Choice and Preference for caloric and non caloric food in children with intellectual disabilities and overweight
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • português

    Obesidade e sobrepeso são consideradas questões relevantes de saúde atualmente. Este estudo investigouse o valor calórico do alimento (Fase 1) e sua magnitude (Fases 2 e 3) controlavam o comportamento deescolha de dois indivíduos de nove e treze anos com sobrepeso e deficiência intelectual. Foram elaboradasduas gomas idênticas, diferindo apenas no valor calórico. Na Fase 1, escolhas nos Botões 1 e 2 foram seguidaspor uma goma calórica e uma goma não calórica, respectivamente. Na Fase 2, escolhas nos Botões 1 e2 foram seguidas por uma goma calórica e duas gomas não calóricas, respectivamente. Na Fase 3, escolhasnos Botões 1 e 2 foram seguidas por uma goma calórica e uma não calórica e uma goma não calórica, respectivamente.Quatro apresentações dos esquemas constituíam uma sessão. Os dados de interesse foram asrespostas de escolha nos Botões 1 e 2. Os resultados dos participantes na Fase 1 tenderam a indiferença entrealternativas. Na Fase 2, P1 demonstrou preferência pela alternativa de maior magnitude, porém na Fase 3, amagnitude exerceu pouco controle sobre sua resposta de escolha. Os dados de P2 tenderam a indiferença nasduas fases. Questionou-se o valor reforçador dos estímulos empregados no estudo.

  • English

    Obesity and overweight are considered relevant health issues today. Although much is known about the types of foods that contribute to it, few results have been observed in the control of impulsivity commonly involved in the food intake. Under the Experimental Analysis of Behavior perspective, impulsivity can be addressed within the choice paradigm through the model of concurrent-chain schedules in which responses to two alternatives of concurrent and independent schedules of reinforcement lead to other two schedules of reinforcement, depending on the chosen alternative. This experimental model allows the manipulation of many variables, among which delay of reinforcement. This study investigated whether the caloric value of food (Phase 1) and its magnitude (Phases 2 and 3) controlled the choice behavior of two individuals of nine and thirteen years with overweight and intellectual disability. Two identical gums were prepared, differing only in caloric value. In Phase 1, choises on Buttons 1 and 2 were followed by one caloric gum and one non-caloric gum, respectively. In Phase 2, choices on Buttons 1 and 2 were followed by one caloric gum and two non caloric gums, respectively. In Phase 3, choices on Buttons 1 and 2 were followed by one caloric and one non-caloric gum and a non-caloric gum, respectively. Four presentations of the schedules constituted a session. The data of interest were the responses of choice in Buttons 1 and 2. The first results illustrated that there is no preference for high-caloric foods, and will be considered as baseline for continuing the study, in which each of the possible controlling variables of food choice could be introduced (e.g., delay of reinforcing contingency, magnitude of reinforcement and response cost).The results of the participants in Phase 1 tended to indifference between alternatives. In Phase 2, P1 showed preference for the alternative of greater magnitude, but in Phase 3, the magnitude had little control over his choice response. The data of P2 tended to indifference in the two phases. It was discussed the reinforcing value of the stimuli used in the study. Studies on the nature of choice and preference for non-caloric and caloric foods are important to identify and describe appropriate procedures to understand and control food intake in populations in need, for example, preschool overweight or obese and with delayed intellectual development.