Ten-Year Effects of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Cognitive Training Trial on Cognition and Everyday Functioning in Older Adults

• Autores: George W. Rebok, Karlene Ball, Lin T. Guey, Richard N. Jones, Hae Young Kim, Jonathan W. King, Michael Marsiske, John N. Morris, Sharon L. Tennstedt, Fred Unverzagt, Sherry L. Willis
• Localización: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, Vol. 62, Nº. 1, 2014, págs. 16-24
• Idioma: inglés
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• Dialnet Métricas: 8 Citas
• Resumen

  • Objectives: To determine the effects of cognitive training on cognitive abilities and everyday function over 10 years.

    Design: Ten-year follow-up of a randomized, controlled single-blind trial (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE)) with three intervention groups and a no-contact control group.

    Setting: Six U.S. cities.

    Participants: A volunteer sample of 2,832 persons (mean baseline age 73.6; 26% African American) living independently.

    Intervention: Ten training sessions for memory, reasoning, or speed of processing; four sessions of booster training 11 and 35 months after initial training.

    Measurements: Objectively measured cognitive abilities and self-reported and performance-based measures of everyday function.

    Results: Participants in each intervention group reported less difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (memory: effect size = 0.48, 99% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12�0.84; reasoning: effect size = 0.38, 99% CI = 0.02�0.74; speed of processing: effect size = 0.36, 99% CI = 0.01�0.72). At a mean age of 82, approximately 60% of trained participants, versus 50% of controls (P < .05), were at or above their baseline level of self-reported IADL function at 10 years. The reasoning and speed-of-processing interventions maintained their effects on their targeted cognitive abilities at 10 years (reasoning: effect size = 0.23, 99% CI = 0.09�0.38; speed of processing: effect size = 0.66, 99% CI = 0.43�0.88). Memory training effects were no longer maintained for memory performance. Booster training produced additional and durable improvement for the reasoning intervention for reasoning performance (effect size = 0.21, 99% CI = 0.01�0.41) and the speed-of-processing intervention for speed-of-processing performance (effect size = 0.62, 99% CI = 0.31�0.93).

    Conclusion: Each Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly cognitive intervention resulted in less decline in self-reported IADL compared with the control group. Reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years.