Resumen de Changes and continuities in the social organization of the Argentine railroad transportation service of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, 1990-2010
- español
A inicios de la década de los noventa en la Argentina, los servicios de transporte ferroviario de pasajeros del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires fueron transferidos a operadores privados para su explotación, mediante el modelo de concesión integral. La inviabilidad del modelo quedó al descubierto cuando a fines del año 2002 se decretó la Emergencia Ferroviaria. Desde distintos espacios del establishment político y económico se sostuvo que el profundo deterioro de los servicios era la resultante excluyente de la incapacidad estatal para mantener el esquema de subsidios previsto para su funcionamiento. Sin embargo, esta concepción soslayaba que dicho deterioro respondía a la existencia de un conjunto de condiciones que propiciaron la conformación de un ámbito privilegiado de acumulación en el sector. A partir del año 2003 se avanza en un replanteo de las relaciones entre Estado y empresas privatizadas y en lo que refiere a los trenes urbanos se introducen algunas transformaciones en la forma de su prestación. En este trabajo se analizan cambios y continuidades en el modo de organizar socialmente la prestación de los servicios ferroviarios de pasajeros del AMBA, entre 1990 y 2010, indagando en qué medida dichos cambios lograron revertir los rasgos más regresivos de la etapa previa.
- English
During the early-1990s the Argentine railroad transportation service of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires City (AMBAC) was transferred to private investors. They were in charge of the administration as well of taking economic advantage from the provision of the service. The unviability of this model became evident when in 2002 the Railroad Emergency was announced. At this time, members of the economic and political establishment pointed out to the state´s incapacity to sustain the subsidies mechanism as the main cause for the service deterioration. This view, however, leaved out the fact that such deterioration was the consequence of a set of pre-existing conditions that had favored the formation of a Privileged Area of Accumulation in the railroad sector. Since 2003 the meaning and scope of the relationship between the state and the private firms was reconsidered. As a consequence, important modifications were introduced into the suburban railroad system regarding the provision of the service. This work analyzes the changes and continuities in the social organization of the railroad transportation service of the AMBAC during the 1990-2010 period, exploring to what extent were these changes able to modify the most regressive features that have characterized the previous decade.
