Corruption in Italy can be considered a peculiar case of an economically developed nation that presents strong suggestions of pervasive environmental corruption. We argue that no single casual explanation accounts for all or even most of this situation. Hence, no one-dimensional approach to fighting corruption will ever be likely to address the problem. Instead, a complex and multi-faceted effort will be required: one that not only will involve the classic three prongs of punishment, incentives towards honest behavior and increased transparency but also go beyond them into more or less uncharted territory for Italian authorities. Success will only come if the apparatuses of the state begin by ridding themselves of the cultural and structural catalysts that enable and foster corrupt practices within the very organizations that are supposed to prevent and fight it.
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