An exercise in molecular modeling, suitable for a third- or fourth-year course in organometallic or inorganic chemistry, is presented in which the effects of the metal center, the metal charge, and the electron-withdrawing properties of co-ligands upon the degree of p backbonding to carbonyl ligands are demonstrated. The ? CO values are calculated, along with C�O bond orders for a series of model compounds to demonstrate each effect. The calculated values are also compared with experimental ones.
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