A unique medium developed in the 1930s by Diego Rivera and manipulated by the Museum of Modern Art to demonstrate the technique of fresco and the iconography of public art in Mexico, the portable fresco neglected to convey the monumentality and social grounding of muralism. In 1940, however, Jose´ Clemente Orozco overhauled the medium in order to communicate more effectively the goals of Mexican public mural painting to audiences in the United States, revealing the failure of cultural institutions and diplomatic efforts to usurp completely politicized art from Mexico.
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