This paper discusses the possible contributions of Traditional Medicine for the understanding of ecology and the development of biological alternatives to deal with human needs. The role of Peru is highlighted, considering the great variety of native groups and the biological diversity of its territory. Various traditional therapeutic practices have been developed through altered states of consciousness by using psychoactive plants considered "master plants" by shamanic tradition. The paper also suggests that native knowledge is important for developing medicines from plants of the Peruvian rainforest and highlands.
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