Histologic Evaluation of Early Human Bone Response to Different Implant Surfaces

• Autores: Sauro Grassi, Adriano Piattelli, Jr. Rodolfo Candia Alba, Jamil Awad Shibli
• Localización: Journal of periodontology, ISSN 0022-3492, Vol. 77, Nº. 10, 2006, págs. 1736-1743
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Background: Studies have demonstrated that roughened dental implant surfaces show firmer bone fixation and an increased percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) compared to commercially pure titanium-surface (machined) implants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant-surface topography on human bone tissue after 2 months of unloaded healing.

    Methods: Fourteen subjects with a mean age of 46.87 ± 9.45 years received two microimplants each (2.5 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length), one test (sandblasted acid-etched surface) and one control (machined surface), either in the mandible or in the maxilla. After a healing period of 2 months, the microimplants and surrounding tissues were removed with a trephine bur and prepared for histologic analysis.

    Results: All microimplants, except for one of the controls, were clinically stable after the healing period. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean BIC% was 23.08% ± 11.95% and 42.83% ± 9.80% for machined and rough microimplant surfaces, respectively (P = 0.0005). The bone area within the threads was also higher for sandblasted-surface implants (P = 0.0005). The mean percentage of bone density did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.578).

    Conclusion: Data from the present histological study suggest that the sandblasted acid-etched implant provides a better human bone tissue response than machined implants under unloaded conditions after a healing period of 2 months.