Resumen de Radioastronomía: detección de ondas de radio provenientes del universo
- español
Se desarrolla una breve introducción a algunos de los procesos físicos que emiten radiación en la región de radio y que son el objeto de estudio de la radioastronomía, también se ilustran varios de los instrumentos que se usan para este fin, como los radiotelescopios, los radiointerfómetros, las diferentes superficies de las antenas parabólicasy los diagramas del procesamiento electrónico de las señales. Por último, se pretende dar una definición básica de las diferentes acepciones que el término temperatura tiene en este campo.
- English
The branch of Astrmony that studies the incoming radiation with wavelenghts in the radio domain is generally known a¡ Radio Astronomy. The instrumental development has allowed the detectíon of atomic hydrogen gas (H), and many olher molecules like, water vapor (H2O), amonia (NHs), carbon monoxide(CO), etc. They exist in different regions of our galaxy as well as in other external galaxies. In particular, the CO molecule emits with millimeter wavelengths and in order lo detect its mission it has been necessary to developradiotelescopes with extremely smooth surfaces and specialized detectors. In general the signals from objects in the skyare extremely weak and one needs to calibrate the instruments in order to have a comparison scale. To calibrate the instruments, many dijferent methods have been applied over the years and specific new terms in applied physics and electrical engineering have been created.The present paper intends to give a brief introduction to Radio Astronomy and to illustrate same of the many parts that form a radio telescope, and groups of radio telescopes working as radio interferometers. Finally this paper gives abrief description or definition of the different meanings that the word temperature has in this field.
