Community-acquired meningitis in older adults: clinical features, etiology, and prognostic factors
- Autores: Amy Wang, Jorge D. Machicado, Nabil T. Khoury, S.H. Wootton, Lucrecia Salazar, Rodrigo Hasbún
- Localización: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, Vol. 62, Nº. 11, 2014, págs. 2064-2070
- Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology and outcomes of community-acquired meningitis in older adults.
Design: Retrospective study.
Setting: Participants adults in Houston, Texas, with community-acquired meningitis hospitalized between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2010 (N = 619; n = 54, 8.7%, aged ≥65; n = 565 aged <65).
Methods: An adverse clinical outcome was defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or less.
Results: Older adults had higher rates of comorbidities, abnormal neurological and laboratory (serum white blood cell count >12,000/μL, and cerebrospinal fluid protein >100 mg/dL) findings (P < .001), abnormalities on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head (P = .002), and adverse clinical outcomes (ACOs) (P < .001). The majority of participants (65.8%) had meningitis of unknown etiology. Bacterial meningitis was an infrequent cause of community-acquired meningitis (7.4%). Of the known causes, bacterial meningitis and West Nile virus were more common in older than younger adults; younger participants more frequently had cryptococcal and viral meningitis. On logistic regression, female sex was predictive of a poor outcome in the older participants (P = .002), whereas abnormal neurological examination (P < .001), fever (P = .01), and a cerebrospinal fluid glucose level less than 45 mg/dL (P = .002) were significant poor prognostic factors in younger participants.
Conclusion: Most cases of community-acquired meningitis are of unknown origin. Older adults are more likely than younger adults to have bacterial meningitis and West Nile virus infection when a cause can be identified. They also have more neurological abnormalities, laboratory and imaging abnormalities, and adverse clinical outcomes.
