An understanding of introductory concepts such as element, compound, mixture, and physical and chemical changes is fundamental to the learning of chemistry. Any conception whether misconception or not will have an effect on further learning in chemistry. The research reported here was designed to identify students' conceptions of the five concepts in introductory chemistry at secondary (lycee) level in Turkey. A test concerning the five concepts were given to a random sample of 556 students (276 boys and 280 girls) across three grade levels at secondary schools (lycees or senior high school age 14 - 7) of the East Black Sea Region of Turkey. The results showed that secondary students at different levels of Lycee had difficulties in understanding the five concepts. Based on the results some implications are made.
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