Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6. If the air is polluted by oxides of sulfur and nitrogen that result from the burning of fossil fuels, these pollutants can cause the rain to become more acidic. When acid rain falls in a lake, it can lower the pH of the lake water, causing problems for the plants and animals that live there. In this Activity, students simulate acid rain falling on lakes by adding vinegar to bowls of water. Several of the bowls contain solids such as crushed chalk, sand, and lime. Students determine if the solids affect the acidity of each solution over the course of two days by periodically removing samples of each solution for testing with red cabbage indicator.
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