Stocks and flows of natural and human-derived capital in ecosystem services

• L. Jones ^[7] ; L. Norton ^[12] ; Z. Austin ^[9] ; A.L. Browne ^[9] ; D. Donovan ^[13] ; B.A. Emmett ^[14] ; Z.J. Grabowski ^[15] ; D.C. Howard ^[12] ; J.P.G. Jones ^[3] ; J.O. Kenter ^[4] ; W. Manley ^[5] ; C. Morris ^[6] ; D.A. Robinson ^[7] ; C. Short ^[1] ; G.M. Siriwardena ^[8] ; C.J. Stevens ^[9] ; J. Storkey ^[2] ; R.D. Waters ^[10] ; G.F. Willis ^[11]
  1. [1] University of Gloucestershire

     University of Gloucestershire

     Cheltenham, Reino Unido

     
  2. [2] Rothamsted Research

     Rothamsted Research

     City and District of St. Albans, Reino Unido

     
  3. [3] Bangor University

     Bangor University

     Bangor, Reino Unido

     
  4. [4] University of Aberdeen

     University of Aberdeen

     Reino Unido

     
  5. [5] Royal Agricultural University

     Royal Agricultural University

     Cotswold District, Reino Unido

     
  6. [6] University of Nottingham

     University of Nottingham

     Reino Unido

     
  7. [7] Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Bangor), Environment Centre Wales, Bangor. UK
  8. [8] British Trust for Ornithology, Norfolk. UK
  9. [9] Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster. UK
  10. [10] Natural England, Peterborough. UK
  11. [11] Campaign to Protect Rural England, London. UK
  12. [12] Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Lancaster), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster. UK
  13. [13] Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), Monkstone House, City Road, Peterborough. UK
  14. [14] Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Bangor), Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor. UK
  15. [15] Pure Interactions UK, London. UK

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• Localización: Land use policy: The International Journal Covering All Aspects of Land Use, ISSN 0264-8377, ISSN-e 1873-5754, Nº. 52, 2016, págs. 151-162
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • There is growing interest in the role that natural capital plays in underpinning ecosystem services. Yet, there remain differences and inconsistencies in the conceptualisation of capital and ecosystem services and the role that humans play in their delivery. Using worked examples in a stocks and flows systems approach, we show that both natural capital (NC) and human-derived (produced, human, social, cultural, financial) capital (HDC) are necessary to create ecosystem services at many levels. HDC plays a role at three stages of ecosystem service delivery. Firstly, as essential elements of a combined social-ecological system to create a potential ecosystem service. Secondly, through the beneficiaries in shaping the demand for that service. Thirdly, in the form of additional capital required to realise the ecosystem service flow. We show that it is possible, although not always easy, to separately identify how these forms of capital contribute to ecosystem service flow. We discuss how applying a systems approach can help identify critical natural capital and critical human-derived capital to guide sustainable management of the stocks and flows of all forms of capital which underpin provision of multiple ecosystem services. The amount of realised ecosystem service can be managed in several ways: via the NC & HDC which govern the potential service, and via factors which govern both the demand from the beneficiaries, and the efficiency of use of the potential service by those beneficiaries.