Frailty Before Critical Illness and Mortality for Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries

• Autores: Aluko A. Hope, Michelle N. Gong, Carmen Guerra, Hannah Wunsch
• Localización: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, Vol. 63, Nº. 6, 2015, págs. 1121-1128
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Objectives To estimate the effect of pre-intensive care unit (ICU) health categories on mortality during and after critical illness, focusing specifically on the effect of pre-ICU frailty on short- and long-term mortality.

    Design Retrospective cohort study.

    Setting Medicare claims data from 2004 to 2008.

    Participants A nationally representative sample of elderly Medicare beneficiaries admitted to an ICU in 2005.

    Measurements Participants were classified into four pre-ICU health categories (robust, cancer, chronic organ failure, frailty) using claims data from the year before admission, allowing for assignment to multiple categories. The association between pre-ICU health category and hospital and 3-year mortality was assessed using multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.

    Results Of 47,427 elderly individuals in the ICU, 18.8% were robust, 28.6% had cancer, 68.1% had chronic organ failure, and 34.0% were frail; 41.3% qualified for multiple categories. Overall hospital mortality was 12.6%, with the lowest mortality for robust participants (9.7%). Participants with pre-ICU frailty had higher hospital mortality than those with the same pre-ICU health categories without frailty. (Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.47) to 1.52 (95% CI = 1.35–1.63).) Robust hospital survivors had the lowest 3-year mortality (24.6%). Pre-ICU frailty conferred higher 3-year mortality than pre-ICU categories without frailty. (Adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.54 (95% CI = 1.45–1.64) to 1.84 (95% CI = 1.70–1.99).) Conclusion Critically ill elderly adults can be categorized according to pre-ICU health categories. These categories, particularly pre-ICU frailty, may be important for understanding risk of death during and after critical illness.