Resumen de Soil structural condition and its relationship with pastures under different conditions in the Simpson Valley (Humid western Patagonia, Chile)
Manuel Vial A., Marco Sandoval Estrada
- español
Se evaluó la condición estructural del suelo y su relación con praderas bajo diferentes condiciones de uso en el valle Simpson, región de Aysén, Chile (45° 43' S, 72° 07' N). El suelo es Andisol, serie Pollux (Typic Hapludands). Las condiciones fueron: Terraza pradera natural degradada (TPD), Terraza pradera sembrada buen estado (TPBE), Silvopastoreo (SP), Lomaje pradera natural degradada (LPD), Lomaje pradera sembrada buen estado (LPBE); en profundidades de 5, 10 y 20 cm. Mediante el método de tamizado en húmedo se determinaron el % de agregación, macroagregados (E >0.25 mm), microagregados (E<0.25 mm), estabilidad de agregados (DPM mm) y el Índice de Perdida (IP g kg-1). El diseño experimental usado fue completamente al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas. Las diferencias se analizaron mediante Tukey (p < 0.05). Existió un elevado % de agregación (77.8 ± 9.7) y dominio de macroagregados en todos los tratamientos. Se observó mayor estabilidad de agregados en SP (> DPM), seguido por TPBE y LPBE, y menor estabilidad en TPD y LPD. IP correlacionó con DPM (r= -0.723; R²=0.567). Los suelos presentan buenas condiciones estructurales, pero son frágiles. El silvopastoreo es altamente beneficioso en la mantención y mejoramiento de las condiciones físicas de los suelos, seguido de praderas artificiales.
- English
The structural condition of the soil and its relationship with pastures under different conditions in use soil were evaluated in the Simpson Valley, Aysén Region, Chile (45° 43 ' S, 72° 07'N). Soils correspond to Andisols, Pollux series (Typic Hapludands). Established conditions were: terrace in degraded natural pasture (TPD), terrace in well-kept planted pasture (TPBE), silvopasture (SP), degraded natural pasture on a hill site (LPD), and well-kept planted pasture on a hill site (LPBE). At depths of 5, 10 and 20 cm. Percentage of soil aggregation, macroaggregates (Y >0.25 mm), microaggregates (Y<0.25 mm), stability of aggregates (MWD mm) and Loss Index (IP g kg-1) were determined by wet sieving. The experimental design was a complete randomized in a split plot arrangement. Statistical differences were analyzed using Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). A high percentage of aggregation (77.8 ± 9.7) and a predominance of macroaggregates were observed in all treatments. Higher aggregate stability was observed in SP (> MWD), followed by TPBE and LPBE, while TPD and LPD showed lower levels of aggregate stability. IP correlated with MWD values (r = -0.723; R²=0.567). Soils presented good physical conditions but fragile nature. Silvopasture is a highly beneficial practice to maintain and improve soil physical conditions of the valley, followed by artificial pastures.
