No Sex Difference in Body Fat in Response to Supervised and Measured Exercise.

• Autores: Phillipa Caudwell, Catherine Gibbons, Mark Hopkins, Neil A. King, Graham Finlayson, John Blundell
• Localización: Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise: Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0195-9131, Vol. 45, Nº. 2, 2013, págs. 351-358
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • AB It is often reported that females lose less body weight than males do in response to exercise. These differences are suggested to be a result of females exhibiting a stronger defense of body fat and a greater compensatory appetite response to exercise than males do. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of a 12-wk supervised exercise program on body weight, body composition, appetite, and energy intake in males and females. Methods: A total of 107 overweight and obese adults (males = 35, premenopausal females = 72, BMI = 31.4 +/- 4.2 kg[middle dot]m-2, age = 40.9 +/- 9.2 yr) completed a supervised 12-wk exercise program expending approximately 10.5 MJ[middle dot]wk-1 at 70% HRmax. Body composition, energy intake, appetite ratings, RMR, and cardiovascular fitness were measured at weeks 0 and 12. Results: The 12-wk exercise program led to significant reductions in body mass (males [M] = -3.03 +/- 3.4 kg and females [F] = -2.28 +/- 3.1 kg), fat mass (M = -3.14 +/- 3.7 kg and F = -3.01 +/- 3.0 kg), and percent body fat (M = -2.45% +/- 3.3% and F = -2.45% +/- 2.2%; all P < 0.0001), but there were no sex-based differences (P > 0.05). There were no significant changes in daily energy intake in males or females after the exercise intervention compared with baseline (M = 199.2 +/- 2418.1 kJ and F = -131.6 +/- 1912.0 kJ, P > 0.05). Fasting hunger levels significantly increased after the intervention compared with baseline values (M = 11.0 +/- 21.1 min and F = 14.0 +/- 22.9 mm, P < 0.0001), but there were no differences between males and females (P > 0.05). The exercise also improved satiety responses to an individualized fixed-energy breakfast (P < 0.0001). This was comparable in males and females. Conclusions: Males and premenopausal females did not differ in their response to a 12-wk exercise intervention and achieved similar reductions in body fat. When exercise interventions are supervised and energy expenditure is controlled, there are no sex-based differences in the measured compensatory response to exercise.