Resumen de Resistencia de la paja johnson [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] A los herbicidas nicosulfuron y foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron en Venezuela

Aída Ortiz Domínguez, Luis Martínez, Yinerby Quintana, Pedro Pérez, Albert Fischer

• español

  Con el objetivo de comprobar la resistencia de dos accesiones de paja Johnson [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] a nicosulfuron y foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron y evaluar su control químico se establecieron dos tipos de experimento: uno de respuesta a dosis y otro sobre control químico. Se utilizaron las accesiones resistentes (R) SH206P y SH209P y un testigo susceptible (S) SH194A. En el primero se usaron dosis de 0; 3,75; 7,5; 15; 30; 60; 120; 240 g·ha-1 i.a. de nicosulfuron y 0; 4; 8; 16; 32; 64; 128; 256 g·ha-1 i.a. de foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron para las accesiones R y 0; 0,47; 0,94; 1,88; 3,75; 7,50; 15; 30 g·ha-1 i.a. de nicosulfuron y 0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; 64 g·ha-1 i.a. de foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron para las accesiones S. Para evaluar el control químico los tratamientos fueron: nicosulfuron; foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron; piribenxozim, imazapir+imazetapir, bispiribac-sodio, penoxsulam, profoxidim, glifosato, pendimetalin, S-metolacloro e isoxaflutole en dosis de 30; 30+2; 50; 115,5+38,5; 40; 60; 160; 2040; 1920; 1440 y 52,25 de g·ha-1 i.a., respectivamente. Se demostró que SH206P y SH209P tienen resistencia a nicosulfuron y foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron y mostraron índices de resistencia de 147 y 1096 para el primer herbicida y 386,59 y 292,78 para los segundos, respectivamente. Los herbicidas profoxidim, glifosato, pendimetalin, S-metolacloro e isoxaflutole controlaron eficazmente las accesiones R y S, cuando éstas se originaron de semillas sexuales. Las accesiones R no fueron controladas con piribenzoxim e imazapir+imazetapir. El bispiribac-sodio controló la SH206P y SH194A, mientras que S. halepense demostró ser tolerante a penoxsulam.

• English

  In order to evaluate the resistance of two accessions of Johnson grass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] to nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron and to determinate their chemical control with other herbicides we established two experiments types: one on dose response and another on chemical control. Two resistant (R) accessions (SH206P and SH209P) and one susceptible (S) (SH194A, as a control) were used. In the dose response experiment, the accessions R were treated with 0, 3.75, 7.5, 15; 30, 60, 120, and 240 g·ha-1 i.a. nicosulfuron; and 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 g·ha-1 i.a. foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron; and the accessions S with 0, 0.47, 0.94, 1.88, 3.75, 7.50, 15, and 30 g·ha-1 i.a. nicosulfuron; and 0, 0.47, 0.94, 1.88, 3.75, 7.50, 15, and 30 g·ha-1 i.a. foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron. In the chemical control experimet the treatments were nicosulfuron; foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron; piribenxozim, imazapyr+imazethapyr, bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, profoxydim, glyphosate, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor and isoxaflutole in doses of 30, 30+2, 50, 115.5+38.5, 40, 60, 160, 2040, 1920, 1440, and 52.25 g·ha-1 i.a., respectively. It was found that SH206P and SH209P have resistance to nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, and their calculated resistance index were of 147 and 1096, and 386.59 and 292.78, respectively. The herbicides profoxydim, glyphosate, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor and isoxaflutole effectively controlled accessions R and S, when these were originated by sexual seeds. R accessions were not controlled with pyribenzoxym and imazapyr + imazethapyr. Bispyribac-sodium controlled SH206P and SH194A, while S. halepense showed to be tolerant to penoxsulam.