Sinaptogénesis y desarrollo de la morfología dendrítica de neuronas piramidales en la neocorteza del chimpancé parecidos a los de los humanos

• Bianchi, Serena ^[1] ; Stimpson, Cheryl D. ^[1] ; Duka, Tetyana ^[1] ; Larsen, Michael D. ^[1] ; Janssen, William G. M. ^[2] ; Collins, Zachary ^[1] ; Bauernfeind, Amy L. ^[1] ; Schapiro, Steven J. ^[3] ; Baze, Wallace B. ^[3] ; McArthur, Mark J. ^[3] ; Hopkins, William D. ^[4] ; Wildman, Derek E. ^[5] ; Lipovich, Leonard ^[5] ; Kuzawa, Christopher W. ^[6] ; Jacobs, Bob ^[7] ; Hof, Patrick R. ^[2] ; Sherwood, Chet C. ^[8]
  1. [1] George Washington University

     George Washington University

     Estados Unidos

     
  2. [2] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

     Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

     Estados Unidos

     
  3. [3] University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

     University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

     Estados Unidos

     
  4. [4] Georgia State University

     Georgia State University

     Estados Unidos

     
  5. [5] Wayne State University

     Wayne State University

     City of Detroit, Estados Unidos

     
  6. [6] Northwestern University

     Northwestern University

     Township of Evanston, Estados Unidos

     
  7. [7] Colorado College

     Colorado College

     Estados Unidos

     
  8. [8] Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: Ludus vitalis: revista de filosofía de las ciencias de la vida = journal of philosophy of life sciences = revue de philosophie des sciences de la vie, ISSN 1133-5165, Vol. 21, Nº. 40, 2013, págs. 177-197
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen

  • Synaptogenesis and development of pyramidal neuron dentric morphology in the chimpanzee neocortexNeocortical development in humans is characterized by an extended period of synaptic proliferation that peaks in mid-childhood, with subsequent pruning through early adulthood, as well as relatively delayed maturation of neuronal arborization in the prefrontal cortex compared with sensorimotor areas. In macaque monkeys, cortical synaptogenesis peaks during early infancy and developmental changes in synapse density and dendritic spines occur synchronously across cortical regions. Thus, relatively prolonged synapse and neuronal maturation in humans might contribute to enhancement of social learning during development and transmission of cultural practices, including language. However, because macaques, which share a last common ancestor with humans ~25 million years ago, have served as the predominant comparative primate model in neurodevelopmental research, the paucity of data from more closely related great apes leaves unresolved when these evolutionary changes in the timing of cortical development became established in the human lineage. To address this question, we used immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and Golgi staining to characterize synaptic density and dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons in primary somatosensory (area 3b), primary motor (area 4), prestriate visual (area 18), and prefrontal (area 10) cortices of developing chimpanzees (/Pan troglodytes/). We found that synaptogenesis occurs synchronously across cortical areas, with a peak of synapse density during the juvenile period (3-5 y). Moreover, similar to findings in humans, dendrites of prefrontal pyramidal neurons developed later than sensorimotor areas. These results suggest that evolutionary changes to neocortical development promoting greater neuronal plasticity early in postnatal life preceded the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages.