Resumen de Bienestar y reparación frente al maltrato en niños peruanos
- español
Al estudiar las representaciones sobre el maltrato en 1832 niños peruanos entre los siete y doce años mediante el Dibujo Temático, bajo la consigna: “Los niños y las niñas no queremos ser maltratados”, la mayor parte responde graficando situaciones de maltrato (47%). Sin embargo, un grupo importante (32.9%) plantea escenas sobre el bienestar que los niños desean para sí; mientras unos pocos menores (4.7%) entienden la consigna como un esfuerzo por contrarrestar el maltrato, buscando repararlo o revertirlo. Cuando la consigna se entiende como bienestar o ausencia de maltrato se presentan escenas de: a) niños en situaciones positivas de juego o felicidad (50%); b) armonía familiar (38%) y c) la defensa de los derechos que los asisten (12.4%). De otro lado, en la reparación frente al maltrato, sobresale la presencia de los niños mayores (11 y 12 años) (51%), las niñas (65%) y los participantes de Lima (64%). Estos niños tienden a introducir textos y realizan dibujos más sofisticados. Los resultados se discuten desde el enfoque de la psicología positiva, destacando las fortalezas y recursos que se actualizan frente a una situación adversa, incluyendo también la perspectiva cultural, de género y evolutiva.
- English
The representations on mistreatment of 1832 Peruvian children, between seven and twelve years old, were studied using the Thematic Drawing technique with the instruction to draw about “we children do not want to be mistreated”. The results showed that although almost half of the participants (47%) answered drawing situations of abuse, a significant number of them (32.9%) drew scenes of well being that these children would like for themselves, while few of them (4.7%) understood the instruction as to draw about the efforts to thwart mistreatment situations, either through reparation or to change those situations. When the instruction was understood as drawing on Well Being or lack of abuse, the following scenes are found: a) children in positive situations either playing or feeling happy (50%); b) family harmony (38%) and c) defense of the legal rights children have (12.4%). On the other hand, it is noteworthy that among those drawings related to reparation in dealing with mistreatment, most participants were older children (11 and 12 years old) (51%), female children (65%) and children who are from Lima, the capital city (64%). It was usual to find that these participants introduce texts and make more sophisticated drawings. Results are discussed from a Positive Psychology perspective, emphasizing the resources and strength abilities that are updated in dealing with adverse situations, and also from Culture, Gender and Development perspectives.
