This article examines foundations of perpetual mortuary intercessions in Nantes between 1500 and 1700. The sixteenth-century religious wars were a crucial era of devotional change. In reaction to Protestantism and conflict, collective ritual, devotion to the eucharist and charitable work received emphasis, while mortuary intercession declined. After 1600 traditional practices reasserted themselves, encouraged by Tridentine-inspired devotions and renewed clericalism. Foundations in convents and collegiate churches became the hallmark of the wealthy devout. However, elite and popular groups also turned to greater engagement with the world through good works, and dependence upon Mary for intercession. While interiority was a vital part of the new spirituality, exterior and collective religious acts remained vital.
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