A cyclic GMP-dependent signalling pathway regulates bacterial phytopathogenesis
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Shi-Qi An [1] ; Ko-Hsin Chin [2] ; Melanie Febrer [1] ; Yvonne McCarthy [3] ; Jauo-Guey Yang [2] ; Chung-Liang Liu [2] ; David Swarbreck [4] ; Jane Rogers [4] ; J Maxwell Dow [3] ; Shan-Ho Chou [2] ; Robert P Ryan [1]
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[1] University of Dundee
University of Dundee
Reino Unido
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[2] National Chung Hsing University
National Chung Hsing University
Taiwán
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[3] University College Cork
University College Cork
Irlanda
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[4] Genome Analysis Centre
Genome Analysis Centre
Norwich District, Reino Unido
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- Localización: EMBO journal: European Molecular Biology Organization, ISSN 0261-4189, Vol. 32, Nº. 18, 2013, págs. 2430-2438
- Idioma: inglés
- Enlaces
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Resumen
Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) is a second messenger whose role in bacterial signalling is poorly understood. A genetic screen in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris (Xcc) identified that XC_0250, which encodes a protein with a class III nucleotidyl cyclase domain, is required for cyclic GMP synthesis. Purified XC_0250 was active in cyclic GMP synthesis in vitro. The linked gene XC_0249 encodes a protein with a cyclic mononucleotide-binding (cNMP) domain and a GGDEF diguanylate cyclase domain. The activity of XC_0249 in cyclic di-GMP synthesis was enhanced by addition of cyclic GMP. The isolated cNMP domain of XC_0249 bound cyclic GMP and a structure–function analysis, directed by determination of the crystal structure of the holo-complex, demonstrated the site of cyclic GMP binding that modulates cyclic di-GMP synthesis. Mutation of either XC_0250 or XC_0249 led to a reduced virulence to plants and reduced biofilm formation in vitro. These findings describe a regulatory pathway in which cyclic GMP regulates virulence and biofilm formation through interaction with a novel effector that directly links cyclic GMP and cyclic di-GMP signalling.
