Chequia
The writer discusses the emblematic signature used by Flemish painter Joris Hoefnagel from 1590 or 1591 until his death in 1600. To show his authorship, Hoefnagel employed a rebus—an object whose name is identical to the artist's own—consisting of a hammer striking a nail (nagel in Dutch) on an anvil. In his 1583 print portrayal of the landscape near Naples, Italy, the signature includes two trompe-l'oeil horseshoes that appear as if fastened by nails to the surface of the print (hoef + nagel), as well as two fantastic creatures representing Envy and Avarice, prompting the interpretation that the artist's personality is being forged by blows struck by Avarice and Envy.
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