Resumen de Age-Related Sensory Impairments and Risk of Cognitive Impairment
Mary E. Fischer, Karen J. Cruickshanks, Carla R. Schubert, Alex A. Pinto, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Barbara E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Ted- S. Tweed
Objectives To evaluate the associations between sensory impairments and 10-year risk of cognitive impairment.
Design The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study (EHLS), a longitudinal, population-based study of aging in the Beaver Dam, Wisconsin community. Baseline examinations were conducted in 1993 and follow-up examinations have been conducted every 5 years.
Setting General community.
Participants EHLS members without cognitive impairment at EHLS-2 (1998–2000). There were 1,884 participants (mean age 66.7) with complete EHLS-2 sensory data and follow-up information.
Measurements Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of <24 or history of dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Hearing impairment was a pure-tone average of hearing thresholds (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) of >25 dB hearing level in either ear, visual impairment was a Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity of <1.55 log units in the better eye, and olfactory impairment was a San Diego Odor Identification Test score of <6.
Results Hearing, visual, and olfactory impairment were independently associated with cognitive impairment risk (hearing: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–3.26; vision: HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.24–3.38; olfaction: HR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.45–6.26)). Nevertheless, 85% of participants with hearing impairment, 81% with visual impairment, and 76% with olfactory impairment did not develop cognitive impairment during follow-up.
Conclusion The relationship between sensory impairment and cognitive impairment was not unique to one sensory system, suggesting that sensorineural health may be a marker of brain aging. The development of a combined sensorineurocognitive measure may be useful in uncovering mechanisms of healthy brain aging.
