No End in Sight: Benzodiazepine Use in Older Adults in the United States

• Autores: Donovan T. Maust, Helen C. Kales, Ilse R. Wiechers, Frederic C. Blow, Mark Olfson
• Localización: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, Vol. 64, Nº. 12, 2016, págs. 2546-2553
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Objectives To establish the rate of new and continuation of benzodiazepine use in older adults seen by nonpsychiatrist physicians and to identify subpopulations at risk of new and continuation benzodiazepine use.

    Design Cross-sectional analysis.

    Setting National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2007–10).

    Participants Adults visiting office-based nonpsychiatrist physicians (n = 98,818) who were prescribed a benzodiazepine (new or continuation).

    Measurements Percentage of benzodiazepine visits of all outpatient encounters according to patient age and corresponding annual visit rate per 1,000 population. Analysis was then limited to adults aged 65 and older, demographic, clinical, and visits characteristics were used to compare visits of benzodiazepine users with those of nonusers and visits of continuation users with those of new users.

    Results The overall proportion of benzodiazepine visits ranged from 3.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.7–3.7) of those aged 18 to 34 to 6.6% (95% CI = 5.8–7.6) of those aged 80 and older, and the proportion of continuation visits increased with age, rising to 90.2% (95% CI = 86.2–93.1) of those aged 80 and older. The population-based visit rate ranged from 61.7 (95% CI = 50.7–72.7) per 1,000 persons in the youngest adults to 463.7 (95% CI = 385.4–542.0) in those aged 80 and older. Only 16.0% (95% CI = 13.5–18.8) of continuation users had any mental health diagnosis. Of all benzodiazepine users, fewer than 1% (95% CI = .4–1.8) were provided or referred to psychotherapy, and 10.0% (95% CI = 7. 2–13.3) were also prescribed an opioid.

    Conclusion In the United States, few older adult benzodiazepine users receive a clinical mental health diagnosis, and almost none are provided or referred to psychotherapy. Prescribing to older adults continues despite decades of evidence documenting safety concerns, effective alternative treatments, and effective methods for tapering even chronic users.