Strip-plot designs are commonly used in situations in which the production process consists of two process stages involving hard-to-change factors and in which it is possible to apply the second stage to semifinished products from the first stage. This article focuses on three-stage processes. As opposed to the three-stage strip-plot designs in the literature, the third stage does not involve hard-to-change factors; instead, it involves easy-to-change factors that are reset independently for each run. For this scenario, the split-split-plot design is a well-known alternative design option. However, the authors prefer the more statistically efficient strip-plot designs and, therefore, they construct D-optimal strip-plot designs for three-stage processes with no randomization restriction in the third stage. The coordinate-exchange algorithm used to construct the designs can handle any type of factor and any number of factor levels, runs, rows, and columns.
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