Resumen de Ruído a bordo: traballadores protexidos?
- galego
Unha das moitas particularidades do traballo no mar, en concreto nos buques mercantes, é que os traballadores deben permanecer no centro de traballo, o buque, unha vez finalizada a xornada laboral. Non cabe dúbida da responsabilidade dos empresarios no tocante aos danos para a súa saúde que calquera traballador/a poida sufrir no seu traballo e durante a súa xornada laboral, mais até aí chega a súa responsabilidade, como sucede no resto de actividades laborais. Con todo, no mar, o buque non é só o lugar de traballo, tamén é a vivenda dos mariños, e podemos afirmar que as condicións de vida destes non son máis que unha continuación das súas condicións de traballo;
ora ben, como debe considerarse un dano na saúde dos mariños nese intervalo de tempo non laboral que permanecen no centro de traballo, o buque? A xurisprudencia, por medio de numerosas sentenzas, estableceu o nexo causal entre o traballo dos mariños e o dano que poidan sufrir a bordo fóra da súa xornada laboral.
Neste estudo tomouse o ruído como fío condutor da relación entre a responsabilidade dos empresarios e os danos que poden sufrir os traballadores non só na súa xornada laboral, senón tamén fóra dela. Mais que normativas sobre ruído se deben aplicar a ese período non laboral? Tecnicamente falando, trataríase de ruído laboral durante as oito horas da xeira e de ruído ambiental o resto da xornada, polo que entraría en escena non só a corresponsabilidade das autoridades (marítimas?, laborais?, de saúde pública?), senón tamén a normativa ambiental. Pola súa vez, o ámbito mundial do transporte marítimo trae consigo a aplicación de normativa internacional. No entanto, a pesar das variadas responsabilidades e das variadas normativas de aplicación, preguntámonos: fronte ao ruído a bordo, están os mariños protexidos?
- English
One of peculiarities of work at sea, in particular on merchant ships, is that the worker must remain at his workplace, on the ship, once his working shift has finalized. There is no doubt of the employers responsibility in regards to the health damages a worker can suffer in his job and during his working hours, but this is where his responsibilities end, as in other labour activities.
However, at sea, the ship is not only the workplace, it is also the home of the marine and we can affirm that the conditions of life are not more than a continuation of his working conditions, but how ought we to considerer health damages to the marine in this interval of time, non-working hours, and who remains in the workplace, on the ship?. Jurisprudence, by means of numerous sentences, has established the causal link between the work of the marine and the damage, which he could suffer on board on his leisure time.
In this study we adopt acoustic noise as a link between the responsibility of the employer and the damages that a worker may suffer, not only during his working shift, but also out of it. But what regulations must we apply to this during non-working periods?. Technically speaking, we refer to noise as that produced during the 8 hours of work and environmental noise during the rest of the day, by which the co-responsibilities of the authorities (maritime? labour? public health?) would enter into scene, as well as the environmental rules. In turn, the global stage of maritime transport brings about in its self the application of international rules. Nevertheless, in spite of the varied responsibilities and of the diverse rules of application, we ask ourselves in regards to the noise on board, is the marine protected?
