The discovery of vaccines and their introduction in medical practice led concomitantly to the eradication of certain diseases that devastated humanity throughout history and to the control of other diseases whose epidemic potential currently persists. In this article, the authors pursue the odyssey of this historic discovery and highlight the Romanian contribution through the two reference names: Victor Babe[ – the discoverer of the antibiosis process, and Ion Cantacuzino – the discoverer of the cholera vaccine, as well as the position of leader in vaccinology held until recently by our country by means of Ion Cantacuzino Institute. The current actualities of Romanian vaccinology are analyzed as regards to the progress and drawbacks generated by the disappearance of the autochthonous production of vaccines, as well as the increase in the population’s distrust regarding the value of vaccination, from the perspective of civic and professional ethics and from the perspective of the involvement of the medical system.
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