Resumen de Upamā, Rūpaka and Dhvani in Sanskrit Oral Poetry
The Sanskrit term alaṁkāra generally designates the collection of figures of speech used in Sanskrit Literature. However, in its broadest sense, it refers to anything that constitutes the poetic language of an author or a literary work. The science of alaṁkāraśāstra or "the science of poetry" is applied mainly to the learned literature of written tradition, which includes such prominent exponents as the poet Jayadeva, author of Gītagovinda. This paper analyzes and describes the use of alaṁkāraśāstra applied especially to the oral tradition of poetry, thus demonstrating that many of the essential aspects of poetic language are already found in these earlier oral compositions. The analysis focuses on the use of the two figures of speech par excellence: upamā, "simile", and "rüpaka", "metaphor", particularly, in nominal composition. Finally, we illustrate the use of complex metaphor or "chain of metaphors" that builds a complete image, and the importance of the concept of dhvani, the power of suggestion of the poetic word. The concept of "rasa" related to this power of suggestion is also commented on in the final pages
