Juan Carlos Ávalos Guillén, Randall Gutiérrez Vargas, Gerardo Alonso Araya Vargas, Braulio Sánchez Ureña, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez Vargas, Daniel Rojas Valverde
El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el efecto de la superficie artificial (AT) y la natural (NG) sobre el desempeño físico y técnico de los jugadores profesionales de fútbol. Un total de 17 jugadores de fútbol en buen estado de salud (24.0 ± 4.1 años, peso 174 ± 6.1 cm; peso corporal 73.4 ± 6.3 kg; porcentaje de grasa corporal 14.2 ± 2.3; VO2max 55.5 ± 5.3 ml/kg/min) de una liga profesional de fútbol de Costa Rica realizaron diferentes pruebas en ambas superficies (prueba técnica, agilidad, sprints repetidos y juego en espacio reducido [8 min, 32x32 m, 5 vs. 5]). Los jugadores se monitorearon con un GPS en dos sesiones, las cuales estuvieron separadas por 48 horas, durante la pretemporada del club. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambas superficies de juego en cuanto a desempeño técnico, agilidad y sprints repetidos. Existieron diferencias significativas en las variables fisiológicas y cinemáticas analizadas durante el juego en espacio reducido en cuanto a frecuencia cardiaca promedio (NG = 168.5 ± 8.8, AT = 154.8 ± 11.8, p <.001), frecuencia cardiaca máxima (NG = 183.2 ± 8.3, AT = 175.9 ± 10.4, p =.02), carga corporal (NG = 34.3 ± 11.2, AT = 30.5 ± 11.4, p =.03) e impactos totales (NG = 230.1 ± 89.5, AT = 194. 8 ± 86.4, p=.03). Se concluye que practicar en terreno natural ocasiona mayor impacto en los jugadores en cuanto a la carga corporal y fisiológica. En el caso de las variables técnicas, se concluye que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos tipos de superficies (p <0.05).
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of artificial turf (AT) and natural grass (NG) on the physical and technical performance of professional soccer players. A total of 17 healthy male soccer players (24.0 ± 4.1 years, height 174 ± 6.1 cm; body weight 73.4 ± 6.3 kg; body fat % 14.2 ± 2.3; VO2max 55.5 ± 5.3 ml/kg/min) from a Costa Rican Professional Soccer League club were subjected to different tests in both types of surfaces (technical test, agility test, repeated sprint ability test, and a small-sided game [8 minutes, 32 x 32 meters, 5 vs. 5]). Players were monitored using a GPS in two sessions, separated by 48 hours, during the club’s pre-season. There were no significant differences between the two types of surfaces for the technical, agility, and repeated sprint ability tests. The physiological and kinematic variables analyzed during the small-sided game presented significant differences in average heart rate (NG = 168.5 ± 8.8, AT = 154.8 ± 11.8, p <.001), maximum heart rate (NG = 183.2 ± 8.3, AT = 175.9 ± 10.4, p =.02), body load (NG = 34.3 ± 11.2, AT = 30.5 ± 11.4, p =.03), and total impacts (NG = 230.1 ± 89.5, AT = 194. 8 ± 86.4, p=.03). It is concluded that playing on the natural grass surface caused more impact on physiological and perceived body load in players. In the case of technical variables, it is concluded that there were no statistically significant differences between the two types of surfaces (p <0.05).
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