Turkey's history of formal mining regulation dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, during the time of the Ottoman Empire. Records of mining legislation exist from 1858 and the number of regulations governing the sector increased rapidly over the ensuing 50 years. More than 100 mining licences were awarded to local and foreign miners between 1870 and 1899 and the country's mineral output doubled between 1900 and 1911 before declining significantly during the First World War. After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the country decided to take steps to industrialise its mining sector. The General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration was established in 1935 and Turkey's first modern mining law (Law number: 6309) was passed in 1954. This was revised by Law No: 3213 in 1985.
On 18 February 2015, an amendment to the mining law was published in the Official Gazette under Law No. 6592, having been approved by the Turkish Parliament and the country's president. It brought in some comprehensive changes to mining regulation, the most important of which were to the fees and securities regime, permitting process, supervision of activities, royalties and the cancellation of sanctions
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