At last, we've seen how the brain stores memories when we sleep. By scanning slumbering people, researchers have watched how the trace of a memory moves from one region of the brain to another. The initial memory trace kind of disappears, and at the same time, another emerges, says Shahab Vahdat at Stanford University in California. It is the first time memories have been observed being filed away in humans during sleep, he says. His team thinks that movement-related memories are transferred to deeper brain regions for long-term storage. This chimes with the hypothesis that the brain's cortex must free up space so that it can continue to learn new information, says Christoph Nissen at University Psychiatric Services in Bern, Switzerland
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