Resumen de La greffe coloniale en métropole. Les Français musulmans dans le recensement de 1954

Angéline Escafré-Dublet, Lionel Kesztenbaum, Patrick Simon

• English

  From 1947 to 1962, the specific status of French Indigenous Muslims from colonial Algeria changed tremendously, getting closer to that of “French from Algeria”. This is particularly the case for Algerian residing in the French metropole who were, in theory at least, deemed French like anyone else. However, in practice, colonial migrants from Algeria living in France worried the French administration and endured a specific-discriminatory-treatment. In particular, although it was illegal, they were specifically identified in administrative documents, referred to as “French Muslims from Algeria”. This paper mobilizes the 1954 Census to look at the ways Algerian living in France were identified. It argues that the colonial context influenced the design and implementation of the census, leading the Metropolitan administrative officials to breach their usual identification practices.

• français

  Entre 1947 et 1962, le statut des indigènes musulmans de l'Algérie coloniale connaît des modifications importantes et se rapproche progressivement de celui des « Français d'Algérie ». En particulier les Algériens présents en France métropolitaine ne se distinguent pas, en théorie au moins, des métropolitains. Dans les faits, pourtant, la présence en métropole de ces populations, coloniales et migrantes, nourrit les inquiétudes des pouvoirs publics et les expose à un ensemble de traitements spécifiques, le plus souvent discriminatoires. Cela nécessite de distinguer et d'identifier les Algériens présents en France, qualifiés de « Français Musulmans d'Algérie », en dérogation à la loi et au cadre égalitaire métropolitain. Cet article explore les déterminants et les mécanismes de cette distinction à partir d'une étude détaillée des opérations de recensement de 1954. Il montre comment le contexte colonial influence l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre du recensement et conduit l'administration métropolitaine à fabriquer une procédure d'identification des Algériens en rupture avec ses usages habituels.The Colonial Transplant in the French Metropole. ‟French Muslims from Algeria” in the 1954 CensusFrom 1947 to 1962, the specific status of French Indigenous Muslims from colonial Algeria changed tremendously, getting closer to that of ‟French from Algeria”. This is particularly the case for Algerian residing in the French metropole who were, in theory at least, deemed French like anyone else. However, in practice, colonial migrants from Algeria living in France worried the French administration and endured a specific-discriminatory-treatment. In particular, although it was illegal, they were specifically identified in administrative documents, referred to as ‟French Muslims from Algeria”. This paper mobilizes the 1954 Census to look at the ways Algerian living in France were identified. It argues that the colonial context influenced the design and implementation of the census, leading the Metropolitan administrative officials to breach their usual identification practices.