Resumen de Classification of word levels with usage frequency, expert opinions and machine learning.
Gihad N. Sohsah, Muhammed Esad Ünal, Onur Güzey
Educational applications for language teaching can utilize the language levels of words to target proficiency levels of students. This paper and the accompanying data provide a methodology for making educational standard-aligned language-level predictions for all English words. The methodology involves expert opinions on language levels and extending these opinions to other words using machine learning and data from a large corpus. Common European Framework for Languages ( CEFR) level predictions for about 50 000 words, which can be readily used in educational applications, are also provided. For applications where the cost of misclassification varies, machine learning model parameters and algorithm selection must be adjusted. A large number of expert opinions taken from a survey with 30 practicing language teachers that can be used for this adjustment are also released. The overall methodology can be applied to low-resource languages, where CEFR-level classifications may not exist, by adding a comparable survey and corpus. The data are released with a Creative Commons Attribution license to enable free mixing, sharing and even use in commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
