A controversial approach to gravity that challenges both Albert Einstein and dark matter has passed its first test. The vast majority of physicists agree that gravity acts according to rules laid down in Einstein's general theory of relativity. Yet observations of the universe show that the motion of the galaxies can't be explained by the gravitational pull of all the ordinary matter out there--hence the belief in unseen dark matter that exerts its own pull. Now, a team of astronomers studying the distribution of matter in more than 30,000 galaxies say their observations can be explained by an alternative theory that does away with dark matter. If this "modified gravity" is correct, it would up-end centuries of fundamental physics
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