What human is is possibly the oldest question in the Western intellectual tradition. Today, there are three influential and competing definitions. The first is the Christian theological view that humans are made in the image of God. The second is a more philosophical position that defines humans as possessing certain capacities, such as self-consciousness and rationality. Finally, there is the biological view, where humans are defined--and differentiated from animals--by their DNA. This is more than an academic debate. Scholars have long argued that these definitions matter in the real world because they influence how people treat one another. Proponents of each definition claim that if the public accepts the "wrong" one, they will end up mistreating other humans. Here, Evans finds that accepting the idea that humans are biological machines can lead them down a dangerous path.
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