Resumen de Yodurias y consumo de lácteos en preescolares del Área Suroccidental de Asturias

Esther Arbesú Fernández, M. Haydee Serrano Peraza, Hans A. Eguía Ángeles, César Oliver Sotelo García, Claude Henrry Saint Jean, Nache Ismael Musa Martín

• español

  Introducción Hace décadas que los lácteos son una fuente principal de yodo. El fin del estudio fue conocer la situación nutricional de yodo y su relación con el consumo de lácteos, en preescolares de 2-5 años de una zona rural con 27.847 habitantes.

  Pacientes y métodos Se planificó estudiar a 200, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio proporcional al tamaño del municipio, edad y sexo. Los progenitores aportaron muestras de orina para analizar yoduria e información nutricional a través de entrevista. Equivalencia de un vaso de leche y una porción de queso a una ración, y la unidad de otros derivados a media ración. El estado nutricional del yodo se interpretó con la mediana (P[percentil]50) de las yodurias y se estimó la ingesta de yodo con la media de raciones/día de leche y derivados, pescado y huevos.

  Resultados Participaron 198. De 193 se analizaron yodurias. Media ± desviación estándar de raciones de lácteos/día de 3,8 ± 1,4. El 69,9% tomaba ≥ 2 vasos de leche/día y el 88,1% una ración de otros lácteos. Mediana de yodurias de 184μg/l, dependiente de los vasos de leche/día (282,5μg/l en ≥ 4 vasos) y/o del tipo de leche (233,0μg/l en semidesnatada). Se estimó una ingesta de 115,1-170,2μg/día de yodo, y la leche el alimento que más yodo proporcionaría (89,9μg/día).

  Conclusiones La ingesta de yodo resultó adecuada, aunque superior a la necesaria cuando bebían 4 o más vasos de leche y/o cuando la leche era semidesnatada. Se debe vigilar el consumo de lácteos para prevenir tanto excesos como déficits en la ingesta de yodo.

• English

  Introduction For decades dairy products have been a major source of iodine for decades. The purpose of this study was to determine the iodine nutritional status and its relationship with dairy consumption in pre-schooler children between 2 to 5 years old in a rural area with 27,847 inhabitants.

  Patients and methods It was planned to study 200 participants, selected by random sampling, proportional to the size of the municipality, age, and sex. Parents provided urine samples to analyse urinary iodine, as well as the nutritional information through an interview. A glass of milk or a slice of cheese was considered as a ration, and a portion of other milk derivatives were considered as half rations. The nutritional status of iodine was interpreted with the median (P[percentile]50) of the urinary iodine levels, and iodine intake was estimated using the mean of ration/day of milk and dairy products, fish, and eggs.

  Results Of the total of 198 subjects that took part, 193 provide urine specimens for the determination of iodine levels. The mean dairy ration/day was 3.8 (SD:1.4). More than two-thirds (69.9%) drank ≥ 2 glasses of milk/day, and 88.1% consumed a dairy ration of another dairy product. The median urinary iodine level was 184 μg/l, but was dependent on glasses of milk/day (282.5 μg/l ≥ 4 glasses) and/or the type of milk (233.0 μg/l in semi-skimmed). An intake of 115.1 μg/day to 170.2 μg/day of iodine was estimated, and that milk was the food which provided more iodine (89.9 μg/day).

  Conclusions Iodine intake was adequate, although higher than necessary when four or more glasses of milk were consumed, and/or when the milk was skimmed. The consumption of dairy products should be monitored to prevent both excessive and deficient intake of iodine.